Madad-i-Maash in the Mughal administration referred to revenue-free land grants given to learned men (ulema), scholars, religious figures and poor or needy persons. These grants were essentially state endowments to support the class of learned or charitable individuals and were ...
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In Mughal administration, the Muhtasib was the Officer of Public Morality. Their primary role was to ensure that the general populace adhered to the established norms of Sharia (Islamic law). Their duties included checking weights and measures in markets, ensuring ...