The two sides joining the centre to the endpoints of the chord are radii of the same circle. Since all radii are equal, the triangle formed is an isosceles triangle.
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Yes. Other congruent triangles can be constructed on the same circumcircle. They have the same shape and size as the given triangle but are positioned differently on the circle.
The triangle formed is an acute-angled triangle. In every acute-angled triangle, the circumcentre lies inside the triangle. Therefore, the centre of the circumcircle is located inside the triangle.