Mahesh Das, a witty scholar and poet in Akbar’s court, was given the title “Raja Birbal.” Known for intelligence, humour and loyalty, he became one of Akbar’s famous Navratnas. Akbar admired his wisdom and diplomatic abilities, granting him high status ...
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Tuzuk-i-Baburi, also known as the Baburnama, is Babur’s autobiography. Written originally in Turkish, it narrates his life, battles, political struggles and observations about Central Asia and India. It is considered one of the finest autobiographies in world history because of ...
Babur introduced the Persian-style garden tradition with flowing water in India. Inspired by Timurid and Persian aesthetics, he built Charbagh gardens in Agra and other places. These gardens featured water channels, fountains, symmetry and greenery, symbolizing paradise. Babur’s love for ...
Nadir Shah attacked Lahore, Karnal and then Delhi, where he massacred civilians and looted immense wealth including the Peacock Throne. However, he never attacked Kannauj. His invasion route focused on Punjab and Delhi, targeting key Mughal centers rather than older ...
Akbar’s guardian was Bairam Khan, a loyal general of Humayun. After Humayun’s death, Bairam Khan protected the young Akbar, handled administration and led the Mughal army. He secured early victories, particularly the Second Battle of Panipat, which ensured Akbar’s throne ...