The smallest structural and physiological unit of the nervous system is the neuron. Neurons are specialized cells responsible for transmitting information throughout the body via electrochemical signals, enabling various functions such as perception, cognition, and motor control.
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In humans, the amount of O₂ in the air exhaled during respiration is 16%. Exhaled air contains a lower concentration of oxygen compared to inhaled air because oxygen is absorbed by the body’s tissues during cellular respiration.
As a result of complete oxidation of glucose, 38 molecules of ATP are formed. This process occurs through cellular respiration, which includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, producing a large amount of ATP.
When the kidneys cease functioning, the accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the blood occurs. This includes substances like urea and creatinine, which are typically filtered out by healthy kidneys but build up in the bloodstream when renal function is ...
When a person grows old, their blood pressure tends to increase. This is due to factors such as stiffening of arteries, decreased elasticity of blood vessels, and changes in hormonal regulation over time.