The five types of cells that make up the phloem are sieve cells, sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres, and phloem parenchyma.
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Secondary meristem located in the cortex produces layers of cork cells as part of secondary growth in plants. This process adds to the thickness and protective function of the outer layer of branches and stems.
Suberin, present in the walls of cork cells, provides a waterproof barrier that prevents the movement of gases and water through the outer layer of the plant.
Cork is composed of dead cells that are compactly arranged without intercellular space. These cells have walls containing suberin, which makes them impervious to gases and water.
Xylem fibres provide structural support to the plant, reinforcing the xylem tissue and helping to maintain the plant’s rigidity and stability, essential for standing upright and withstanding external forces.