Valency determines how elements interact and combine with each other in chemical reactions, guiding the formation of compounds and the stability of resulting structures.
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The valency of magnesium is two because it has two electrons in its outermost shell, while the valency of aluminium is three because it has three electrons in its outermost shell.
Hydrogen, lithium, and sodium each have a valency of one because they possess one electron in their outermost shell, making them capable of losing one electron.
Valency directly correlates with the number of electrons gained, lost, or shared during chemical bonding, ensuring the attainment of a stable electron configuration.
Valency is determined by the number of electrons gained, lost, or shared to achieve a full outer shell (usually eight electrons, known as the octet rule).