For work to be done on an object, two conditions must be satisfied: 1. A force must be applied to the object. 2. The object must be displaced in the direction of the force.
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Both conditions are met: a force is applied, and the book is displaced upwards.
When the displacement of the object is zero, the work done is also zero, regardless of the force applied. Mathematically, W = F . s, and if s = 0, then W = F . 0 = 0 joules.
When the force acting on an object is zero, the work done is also zero, regardless of the displacement. Mathematically, W = F . s, and if F = 0, then W = 0 . s = 0 joules.
Work is considered a scalar quantity because it has magnitude but no direction. While force and displacement are vector quantities, the product of the magnitude of the force and the displacement (in the direction of the force) results in a ...