Acidified permanganate solution acts as a powerful oxidizing agent, converting oxalates to carbon dioxide, iron(II) to iron(III), nitrites to nitrates, and iodides to free iodine through oxidation reactions.

Manganate and permanganate ions adopt tetrahedral geometry, with p-bonding occurring through the overlap of p orbitals of oxygen with d orbitals of manganese. The paramagnetism of green manganate arises from one unpaired electron, while permanganate is diamagnetic due to the ...

Manganese compounds exhibit intense color and diamagnetism with temperature-dependent weak paramagnetism. The explanation lies in molecular orbital theory, which involves the overlap of p orbitals of oxygen with d orbitals of manganese.

Industrial alloys include brass (copper-zinc) and bronze (copper-tin), where transition metals combine with non-transition metals. These alloys, such as brass and bronze, are of considerable importance in various industrial applications.

The ability of transition metals to adopt multiple oxidation states and form complexes underlies their catalytic activity. Examples include vanadium(V) oxide in the Contact Process, finely divided iron in Haber’s Process, and nickel in Catalytic Hydrogenation.