In phenol, the carbon–oxygen bond length is shorter (136 pm) than in methanol due to partial double bond character resulting from the conjugation of the unshared electron pair of oxygen with the aromatic ring and the sp² hybridization of the ...

The sigma (σ) bond in alcohols is formed by overlap between a sp³ hybridized orbital of carbon and a sp³ hybridized orbital of oxygen. The bond angle is slightly less than tetrahedral (109°-28’) due to repulsion between the unshared electron ...

Common names of ethers are derived from alkyl/aryl groups in alphabetical order, followed by the word ‘ether’. In IUPAC nomenclature, ethers are considered hydrocarbon derivatives, replacing a hydrogen atom with an –OR or –OAr group, where R and Ar represent ...

Dihydroxy derivatives of benzene are named as 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-benzenediol in common nomenclature.

The IUPAC name for the simplest hydroxy derivative of benzene is phenol. Substituted compounds use the terms ortho (1,2-disubstituted), meta (1,3-disubstituted), and para (1,4-disubstituted) to indicate substituent positions.