The formation of ethers during acidic dehydration involves a nucleophilic bimolecular (SN₂) reaction, where the alcohol molecule attacks a protonated alcohol. This method is suitable for preparing ethers with primary alkyl groups, requiring unhindered alkyl groups and low temperatures.

The formation of alkene or ether in alcohol dehydration depends on the reaction conditions. For instance, the dehydration of ethanol results in ethene at 443 K, while at 413 K, ethoxyethane is the main product, showcasing the influence of temperature.

Commercial alcohol is denatured by adding copper sulfate to give it color and pyridine, a foul-smelling liquid. This process ensures the alcohol is unsuitable for consumption.

When alcohol content surpasses 14 percent, the action of zymase is inhibited. Air entering the fermentation mixture can lead to the oxidation of ethanol to ethanoic acid, compromising the taste of alcoholic drinks.

Fermentation in winemaking involves the contact of sugar and enzymes from crushed grapes, leading to the release of carbon dioxide. Zymase, an enzyme found in yeast, catalyzes this process under anaerobic conditions.