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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics updated for CBSE academic session 2021-2022.

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Classically, an electron can be in any orbit around the nucleus of an atom. Then what determines the typical atomic size? Why is an atom not, say, thousand times bigger than its typical size? The question had greatly puzzled Bohr before he arrived at his famous model of the atom that you have learnt in the text. To simulate what he might well have done before his discovery, let us play as follows with the basic constants of nature and see if we can get a quantity with the dimensions of length that is roughly equal to the known size of an atom (~ 10⁻¹⁰m). (a) Construct a quantity with the dimensions of length from the fundamental constants e, me, and c. Determine its numerical value. (b) You will find that the length obtained in (a) is many orders of magnitude smaller than the atomic dimensions. Further, it involves c. But energies of atoms are mostly in non-relativistic domain where c is not expected to play any role. This is what may have suggested Bohr to discard c and look for ‘something else’ to get the right atomic size. Now, the Planck’s constant h had already made its appearance elsewhere. Bohr’s great insight lay in recognising that h, me, and e will yield the right atomic size. Construct a quantity with the dimension of length from h, me, and e and confirm that its numerical value has indeed the correct order of magnitude.

Class 12 Physics CBSE and UP Board Atoms Chapter-12 Exercise 12.14 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 12 Question-14 Additional Exercise

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Class 12 Physics CBSE and UP Board Atoms Chapter-12 Exercise 12.12 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 12 Question-12

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Answer the following questions, which help you understand the difference between Thomson’s model and Rutherford’s model better. (a) Is the average angle of deflection of α-particles by a thin gold foil predicted by Thomson’s model much less, about the same, or much greater than that predicted by Rutherford’s model? (b) Is the probability of backward scattering (i.e., scattering of α-particles at angles greater than 90°) predicted by Thomson’s model much less, about the same, or much greater than that predicted by Rutherford’s model? (c) Keeping other factors fixed, it is found experimentally that for small thickness t, the number of α-particles scattered at moderate angles is proportional to t. What clue does this linear dependence on t provide? (d) In which model is it completely wrong to ignore multiple scattering for the calculation of average angle of scattering of α-particles by a thin foil?

Class 12 Physics CBSE and UP Board Atoms Chapter-12 Exercise 12.11 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 12 Question-11

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Class 12 Physics CBSE and UP Board Atoms Chapter-12 Exercise 12.10 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 12 Question-10

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