According to Gauss’s Law, the total electric flux (Φ) through a closed surface is given by: Φ = Qenclosed/ε0 ​where Qₑ is the total charge enclosed within the surface. The total charge enclosed is: Q enclosed = (+8Q) + (-3Q) ...

The electric field due to an electric dipole is not spherically symmetric because it depends on both the distance from the dipole and the angle with respect to the dipole axis. Instead, it has a distinct pattern with stronger fields ...

The cause of the quantization of electric charge is the transfer of an integral number of electrons. Charge is always transferred in discrete units of the elementary charge (e), where e = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C. Since electrons are the ...

When a plastic comb is passed through dry hair, it always acquires a negative charge. This happens because electrons are transferred from the hair to the plastic comb due to the triboelectric effect. Since hair loses electrons, it becomes positively ...

For a short electric dipole, the electric field on the axial line (Eₐ) is twice the electric field on the equatorial line (Eₑ) at the same distance from the center of the dipole. Thus, the correct answer is (a) 2.