Timur invaded India in 1398 during the nominal reign of Nasiruddin Muhammad Tughlaq, though actual power lay with his father, Sultan Mahmud Shah Tughlaq. The Tughlaq dynasty was already weak, making Delhi an easy target. Timur plundered the city brutally ...
Category: Class 10 Social Science
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Amir Khusro contributed significantly to the growth of Khariboli, an early form of modern Hindi-Urdu. Through his poetry, riddles and songs blending Persian and local dialects, he helped shape its vocabulary and style. His creative fusion enriched north Indian linguistic ...
The coins of the Sultanate era were: Tanka (primarily Silver), Shashgani (a fractional Silver coin valued at six Jitals) and Jeetal (Copper). This system was standardized by Iltutmish, establishing the Tanka as the principal currency and the Jeetal for daily, ...
Muhammad bin Tughlaq introduced the department ‘Amir Kohi’ to improve agriculture and increase state revenue. This department encouraged cultivation of fallow lands, offered loans (taccavi) to farmers and promoted irrigation works. Though well-intentioned, many schemes suffered due to poor implementation ...
The Khalisa land or crown land, developed significantly under Sultan Alauddin Khalji (1296–1316). He expanded it by confiscating nobles’ grants and abolishing Iqtas in the fertile Doab region. This centralization provided a massive, direct revenue base for his large standing ...