The main features of the Advancing monsoon or the Rainy season which is known as south-west monsoon are as given below: (i) The winds are strong and blow at an average velocity of 30 km per hour. (ii) Ii brings a total change in the weather. Early in the season, the windward side of the Western GhatRead more
The main features of the Advancing monsoon or the Rainy season which is known as south-west monsoon are as given below:
(i) The winds are strong and blow at an average velocity of 30 km per hour.
(ii) Ii brings a total change in the weather. Early in the season, the windward side of the Western Ghats receives very heavy rainfall, more than 250 cm. The Deccan Plateau and parts of Madhya Pradesh also receive some amount of rain in spite of lying in the rain shadow area.
(iii) Maximum rainfall is received in the north-eastern part of the country.
(iv) Mawsynram in the southern ranges of the Khasi Hills receives the highest average rainfall in the world. Rainfall in the Ganga plains decreases from the east to the west. Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat get scanty rainfall. It has ‘breaks’in rainfall i.e., If has wet and dry spells. The’breaks’are due to the movement of the monsoon trough. The heavy rains in the plains bring devastating floods, causing damage to life and property. The monsoon is known for its
uncertainties. The alternation of dry and wet spells vary in intensity frequency, and duration. It may cause floods, as well as droughts. It is often irregular in its arrival and its retreat and, therefore, disturbs the farming schedule of the farmers.
(a) During October-November-, with the apparent movement of the sun towards the south, the monsoon trough or the low-pressure trough over the northern plains become weaker. It is replaced by a high pressure system which weakens the monsoon winds. They therefore, start Withdrawing gradually. (b) TheRead more
(a) During October-November-, with the apparent movement of the sun towards the south, the monsoon trough or the low-pressure trough over the northern plains become weaker. It is replaced by a high pressure system which weakens the monsoon winds. They therefore, start Withdrawing gradually.
(b) The monsoons retreat from most parts of India by mid-October.
(c) The retreat of the monsoon is marked by clear skies and rise in temperature.
(d) While day temperatures are high, nights are cool and pleasant.
(e) Owing to the conditions of high temperature and humidity,, the weather becomes
rather oppressive during the day. This is commonly known as ‘October heat.’
(o) Causes : The causes were as follows : (i) In 1905, the colonial government proposed to reserve two-thirds of the forest and stop shifting cultivation, hunting and collection of forest produce. (ii) only, some villages were allowed to stay on in the reserved forests on the condition that they worRead more
(o) Causes : The causes were as follows : (i) In 1905, the colonial government proposed to reserve two-thirds of the forest and stop shifting cultivation, hunting and collection of forest produce.
(ii) only, some villages were allowed to stay on in the reserved forests on the condition that they worked free for the forest department in cutting and transporting trees and protecting the forests from fire. These were called ,forest villages,.
(iii) People from other villages than forest villages were displaced without any notice or compensation.
(iv) For long people had been suffering from increased land rents and frequent demands for free labour and goods by colonial officials.
(v) The famines in 1899-1900 and 1907-1908 too had affected the lives of people and they faced great hardships. As a result of above factors they rose against the colonial rule.
(b) Events : Every village contributed something to the rebellion expenses. Bazaars were looted, the houses of the officials and traders, schools and police stations were burnt and robbed, and grain redistributed.
(i) Location of Bastar: Bastar is located in the southernmost part of Chhattisgarh and borders Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Maharashtra. The central part of Bastar is on a plateau' To the north of this plateau is the Chhattisgarh plain and to its south is the Godavari plain. The river Indrawati windsRead more
(i) Location of Bastar: Bastar is located in the southernmost part of Chhattisgarh
and borders Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Maharashtra. The central part of Bastar is on a plateau’ To the north of this plateau is the Chhattisgarh plain and to its south is the Godavari plain. The river Indrawati winds across Bastar east to west.
(ii) Bastar’s communities : A number of different communities live in Bastar such as Maria and Maria Gonds, Dhurwas, Bhatras and Halbas. They speak different languages.
(iii) Customs and beliefs in Bastar:
(a) They share common customs and beliefs.
(b) They believe that each village was given its land by the Earth, and in return, they look after the Earth by making some offerings at each agricultural festival.
(c) They show respect to the spirits of the river, the forest and the mountain.
(iv) System of administration of villages in Bastar:
(a) The local people look after all the natural resources of the village.
(b) If people from a village want to take some wood from the forests of another village, they pay a small fee called devsari, dand or man in exchange. Some villages also protect their forests by engaging watchmen and each household contributes some grain to pay them. Every year there is one big hunt where the headmen of villages in a pargana meet and discuss issues of concern, including forests.
The causes for deforestation in India were as follows: (i) The British directly encouraged the production of commercial crops like jute, sugar, wheat and cotton because the demand for these crops increased in Europe due lo increase in population. In addition to this raw materials were required for iRead more
The causes for deforestation in India were as follows:
(i) The British directly encouraged the production of commercial crops like jute, sugar, wheat and cotton because the demand for these crops increased in Europe due lo increase in population. In addition to this raw materials were required for industrial production.
(ii) They thought that forests were unproductive. They were considered to be wilderness that had to be brought under cultivation so that the land could -yield agricultural products and revenue and enhance the income of the state. So between 1880 and 1920, cultivated area increased by 6.7 million hectares.
(iii) With the shortage of oak forests in England in the early nineteenth century, trees were felled on a massive scale and vast quantities of timber was exported from India to meet the timber supply of Royal Navy.
(iv) The spread of railways too created an additional demand of timber. Wood was
required to run locomotives and sleepers for laying railway lines.
(v) Large areas of natural forests were cleared for tea. coffee and rubber plantations to meet Europe’s growing need for these commodities.
(vi) The expansion of cultivation was seen as a sign of progress but for land to be brought under the plough, forests had to be cleared.
Describe the main features of the Advancing Monsoon or the Rainy season or the south-west Monsoon.
The main features of the Advancing monsoon or the Rainy season which is known as south-west monsoon are as given below: (i) The winds are strong and blow at an average velocity of 30 km per hour. (ii) Ii brings a total change in the weather. Early in the season, the windward side of the Western GhatRead more
The main features of the Advancing monsoon or the Rainy season which is known as south-west monsoon are as given below:
See less(i) The winds are strong and blow at an average velocity of 30 km per hour.
(ii) Ii brings a total change in the weather. Early in the season, the windward side of the Western Ghats receives very heavy rainfall, more than 250 cm. The Deccan Plateau and parts of Madhya Pradesh also receive some amount of rain in spite of lying in the rain shadow area.
(iii) Maximum rainfall is received in the north-eastern part of the country.
(iv) Mawsynram in the southern ranges of the Khasi Hills receives the highest average rainfall in the world. Rainfall in the Ganga plains decreases from the east to the west. Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat get scanty rainfall. It has ‘breaks’in rainfall i.e., If has wet and dry spells. The’breaks’are due to the movement of the monsoon trough. The heavy rains in the plains bring devastating floods, causing damage to life and property. The monsoon is known for its
uncertainties. The alternation of dry and wet spells vary in intensity frequency, and duration. It may cause floods, as well as droughts. It is often irregular in its arrival and its retreat and, therefore, disturbs the farming schedule of the farmers.
Write a short note on the retreating monsoon or the transition season.
(a) During October-November-, with the apparent movement of the sun towards the south, the monsoon trough or the low-pressure trough over the northern plains become weaker. It is replaced by a high pressure system which weakens the monsoon winds. They therefore, start Withdrawing gradually. (b) TheRead more
(a) During October-November-, with the apparent movement of the sun towards the south, the monsoon trough or the low-pressure trough over the northern plains become weaker. It is replaced by a high pressure system which weakens the monsoon winds. They therefore, start Withdrawing gradually.
See less(b) The monsoons retreat from most parts of India by mid-October.
(c) The retreat of the monsoon is marked by clear skies and rise in temperature.
(d) While day temperatures are high, nights are cool and pleasant.
(e) Owing to the conditions of high temperature and humidity,, the weather becomes
rather oppressive during the day. This is commonly known as ‘October heat.’
Describe the causes, events and effects of the rebellion by the people of Baster against the colonial rule.
(o) Causes : The causes were as follows : (i) In 1905, the colonial government proposed to reserve two-thirds of the forest and stop shifting cultivation, hunting and collection of forest produce. (ii) only, some villages were allowed to stay on in the reserved forests on the condition that they worRead more
(o) Causes : The causes were as follows : (i) In 1905, the colonial government proposed to reserve two-thirds of the forest and stop shifting cultivation, hunting and collection of forest produce.
See less(ii) only, some villages were allowed to stay on in the reserved forests on the condition that they worked free for the forest department in cutting and transporting trees and protecting the forests from fire. These were called ,forest villages,.
(iii) People from other villages than forest villages were displaced without any notice or compensation.
(iv) For long people had been suffering from increased land rents and frequent demands for free labour and goods by colonial officials.
(v) The famines in 1899-1900 and 1907-1908 too had affected the lives of people and they faced great hardships. As a result of above factors they rose against the colonial rule.
(b) Events : Every village contributed something to the rebellion expenses. Bazaars were looted, the houses of the officials and traders, schools and police stations were burnt and robbed, and grain redistributed.
Write an essay on Baster and its communities.
(i) Location of Bastar: Bastar is located in the southernmost part of Chhattisgarh and borders Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Maharashtra. The central part of Bastar is on a plateau' To the north of this plateau is the Chhattisgarh plain and to its south is the Godavari plain. The river Indrawati windsRead more
(i) Location of Bastar: Bastar is located in the southernmost part of Chhattisgarh
See lessand borders Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Maharashtra. The central part of Bastar is on a plateau’ To the north of this plateau is the Chhattisgarh plain and to its south is the Godavari plain. The river Indrawati winds across Bastar east to west.
(ii) Bastar’s communities : A number of different communities live in Bastar such as Maria and Maria Gonds, Dhurwas, Bhatras and Halbas. They speak different languages.
(iii) Customs and beliefs in Bastar:
(a) They share common customs and beliefs.
(b) They believe that each village was given its land by the Earth, and in return, they look after the Earth by making some offerings at each agricultural festival.
(c) They show respect to the spirits of the river, the forest and the mountain.
(iv) System of administration of villages in Bastar:
(a) The local people look after all the natural resources of the village.
(b) If people from a village want to take some wood from the forests of another village, they pay a small fee called devsari, dand or man in exchange. Some villages also protect their forests by engaging watchmen and each household contributes some grain to pay them. Every year there is one big hunt where the headmen of villages in a pargana meet and discuss issues of concern, including forests.
What were the causes of deforestation in India? Explain any five point.
The causes for deforestation in India were as follows: (i) The British directly encouraged the production of commercial crops like jute, sugar, wheat and cotton because the demand for these crops increased in Europe due lo increase in population. In addition to this raw materials were required for iRead more
The causes for deforestation in India were as follows:
See less(i) The British directly encouraged the production of commercial crops like jute, sugar, wheat and cotton because the demand for these crops increased in Europe due lo increase in population. In addition to this raw materials were required for industrial production.
(ii) They thought that forests were unproductive. They were considered to be wilderness that had to be brought under cultivation so that the land could -yield agricultural products and revenue and enhance the income of the state. So between 1880 and 1920, cultivated area increased by 6.7 million hectares.
(iii) With the shortage of oak forests in England in the early nineteenth century, trees were felled on a massive scale and vast quantities of timber was exported from India to meet the timber supply of Royal Navy.
(iv) The spread of railways too created an additional demand of timber. Wood was
required to run locomotives and sleepers for laying railway lines.
(v) Large areas of natural forests were cleared for tea. coffee and rubber plantations to meet Europe’s growing need for these commodities.
(vi) The expansion of cultivation was seen as a sign of progress but for land to be brought under the plough, forests had to be cleared.