Drought poses a significant threat to rain-fed farming areas where irrigation is not available, as crops depend solely on rainfall for moisture and can suffer from stunted growth, reduced yields, or even crop failure during drought conditions.

Droughts occur due to scarcity or irregular distribution of rainfall, leading to prolonged periods of dryness and water scarcity in affected regions.

Irrigation helps mitigate the impact of rainfall variability by providing a reliable water source for crops, ensuring consistent moisture levels throughout the growing season, and reducing the vulnerability of agriculture to the uncertainties of rainfall patterns.

Various measures are employed to expand irrigation coverage, including building dams and reservoirs, constructing canals and irrigation channels, promoting groundwater recharge, and adopting water-efficient irrigation technologies like drip irrigation.