Detergents are commonly used in products such as shampoos and laundry detergents for cleaning clothes. They are also used in various cleaning agents for household and industrial purposes.

The charged ends of detergent molecules do not form insoluble precipitates with calcium and magnesium ions present in hard water. This prevents the formation of scum and allows detergents to remain effective in hard water.

Detergents are generally sodium salts of sulphonic acids or ammonium salts with chlorides or bromides ions. They typically have long hydrocarbon chains similar to those found in soap molecules.

Detergents, unlike soap, do not form insoluble precipitates with calcium and magnesium ions present in hard water. This allows detergents to remain effective even in hard water conditions.

The difficulty in forming foam and the presence of scum in hard water while washing with soap are caused by the reaction of soap with calcium and magnesium salts, which contribute to the hardness of water.

The ionic end of soap molecules interacts with water, while the carbon chain interacts with oil. This dual nature of soap molecules allows them to bridge the gap between water and oil, facilitating the formation of micelles and the removal ...

The formation of soap micelles enables the dirt and oil on clothes to be dispersed and washed away in water, effectively cleaning the fabric.

Soap molecules are sodium or potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids.

Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids. They are surfactants, meaning they have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) ends, enabling them to emulsify and remove dirt and oils from surfaces.

Saponification, the reaction between an ester and an alkali like sodium hydroxide, is crucial in the preparation of soap. It converts esters into the sodium or potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids, which are the main components of soap.