1. There was need of capital for growing food and other crops for the world market. Large plantations could borrow capital from banks and markets. Others such as humble peasants fulfilled their requirements as mentioned below: (i) There were the Shikaripuri Shroffs and Nattukottai Chettiars who were baRead more

    There was need of capital for growing food and other crops for the world market. Large plantations could borrow capital from banks and markets. Others such as humble peasants fulfilled their requirements as mentioned below:
    (i) There were the Shikaripuri Shroffs and Nattukottai Chettiars who were bankers and traders that financed export agriculture in central and south-East Asia.
    (ii) They used their own capital or borrowed from European banks.
    (iii) They had a sophisticated system to transfer money over large distances. They even developed indigenous forms of corporate organisation.
    (iv) Indian traders and moneylenders followed European colonisers into Africa also.
    (v) Hyderabadi Sindhi traders established flourishing emporia at busy ports worldwide. They sold local and imported curios to the tourists.

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  2. (a) Some examples of cultural fusion or a new culture among the indentured workers were as follows: (i) In Trinidad the annual Muharram procession was transformed into a riotous carnival called "Hosay" (for Imam Hussain). Workers of all races and religions joined in this carnival. (ii) The protest rRead more

    (a) Some examples of cultural fusion or a new culture among the indentured workers were as follows:
    (i) In Trinidad the annual Muharram procession was transformed into a riotous carnival called “Hosay” (for Imam Hussain). Workers of all races and religions joined in this carnival.
    (ii) The protest religion of Rastafarianism is also another example of social and cultural links with Indian migrants to the Caribbean.
    (iii) ‘Chutney music’ in Trinidad and Guyana is also an example of cultural fusion.
    (b) The above forms of cultural fusion helped in the making of the global world, where things from different places get mixed, lose their original characteristics and become something entirely new. This also encouraged a large number of Indians to stay back.

    for more answers vist to:
    https://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-10/social-science/history/chapter-1/

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  3. The 19th century indenture has been described as a ‘new system of slavery; Their recruitment was done by agents engaged by employers. Agents tempted the prospective migrants by providing false information about final destinations, mode of travel, the nature of work and living and working conditions.Read more

    The 19th century indenture has been described as a ‘new system of slavery; Their recruitment was done by agents engaged by employers. Agents tempted the prospective migrants by providing false information about final destinations, mode of travel, the nature of work and living and working conditions. On arrival at the plantations, migrants found that the conditions were harsh and there were few legal rights. If an indentured labourer was not able complete the work allotted to him, he was prosecuted and sent to jail for 14 days.

    for more answers vist to:
    https://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-10/social-science/history/chapter-1/

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  4. Most Indian indentured workers came from the present-day regions of eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, central India and the dry districts of Tamil Nadu. The causes for the migration were as given below: (i) In mid-nineteenth century cottage industries had declined in the above regions. (ii) Land rents hRead more

    Most Indian indentured workers came from the present-day regions of eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, central India and the dry districts of Tamil Nadu. The causes for the migration were as given below:
    (i) In mid-nineteenth century cottage industries had declined in the above regions.
    (ii) Land rents had risen.
    (iii) Lands were cleared for mines and plantations.
    The above factors affected the lives of the poor. They failed to pay their rents and became deeply indebted and were forced to migrate in search of work.

    for more answers vist to:
    https://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-10/social-science/history/chapter-1/

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  5. (a) European employers found it difficult to recruit labour in Africa because there was abundant land and a relatively small population. There was plenty of livestock as well. As a result of it, there was shortage of labour to work for wages' (b) Two methods adopted by the European employers to recrRead more

    (a) European employers found it difficult to recruit labour in Africa because there was abundant land and a relatively small population. There was plenty of livestock as well. As a result of it, there was shortage of labour to work for wages’
    (b) Two methods adopted by the European employers to recruit and retain labour were as given below:
    (i) Heavy taxes were imposed which could be paid only by working for wages on plantations and mines.
    (ii) Inheritance laws were changed which displaced the peasants from land. Only one member of a family was allowed to inherit land, as a result of which the others were pushed into the labour market.
    (iii) Mineworkers were also confined in compounds and nor allowed to move about freely.

    for more answers vist to:
    https://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-10/social-science/history/chapter-1/

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