The king defended subjects and enforced justice guided by dharma. High ministers, tax superintendents and army commanders managed state affairs, utilizing provincial divisions, trade surveillance and autonomous villages to rule.
Describe the role of the king, important officers and the methods used to govern large territories.
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(i) Role of the king: The monarch served as supreme protector, commander and judge, exercising authority guided by the welfare of subjects and ethical principles of dharma. (ii) Important officers: Key functionaries included ministerial counselors (amatyas), provincial governors (pradeshikas), treasurers, commanders-in-chief and village headmen (gramikas). (iii) Governance methods: Large territories were administered by subdividing realms into provinces, districts and self-governing villages.
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