A pyranometer is a sensor designed to measure the total solar irradiance on a flat surface. It captures radiation from the entire hemisphere (the whole sky) and is used in meteorology, climatology and solar energy research. It helps scientists understand how much solar energy is reaching different parts of the Earth at any given time. ANSWER: (A) Pyranometer
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Pyranometers typically use a thermopile sensor under a glass dome. The sensor absorbs solar radiation, which generates a small electrical voltage proportional to the intensity of the light. This measurement includes both direct sunlight and “diffuse” sunlight reflected by clouds or the atmosphere. Data from pyranometers is essential for calculating the Earth’s energy budget and for determining the efficiency of solar power plants. By monitoring variations in solar intensity, researchers can also track changes in atmospheric transparency caused by aerosols, pollution or volcanic ash.
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