The main reason for Babur’s victory in the Battle of Panipat (1526) was his superior tactical use of the Tulughma system. This military strategy, combined with the effective use of artillery (cannons) placed strategically behind carts, allowed his smaller army to flank and surround the massive, but less mobile, forces of Ibrahim Lodi. The correct answer is (B) Tulughma system.
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The most pivotal factor in Babur’s victory at the First Battle of Panipat (1526) was the innovative application of the Tulughma system—a military tactic borrowed from the Uzbeks. This strategy involved dividing the army to allow swift flanking movements that could envelop the enemy’s center from both the rear and the sides. Crucially, Babur integrated this with the effective use of gunpowder artillery (cannons) and muskets, shielded by carts (araba). This combination neutralized Lodi’s numerical advantage and demoralized his troops and war elephants.