Renuka was studying a diagram related to a defect of vision and noted down possible causes for it. She wrote the following statements in her notebook. I. The focal length of the eye lens is too long. II. The eye ball becomes too small. III. The focal length of the eye lens is too short. IV. The eye ball becomes too long. Based on the given diagram, choose to the correct option that lists the correct causes of this defect.
The correct answer is option (d) III and IV. Myopia occurs when the focal length of the eye lens is too short or the eyeball is elongated, causing the image to form in front of the retina.
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The diagram shows myopia (nearsightedness), where the image forms in front of the retina. This defect occurs when the focal length of the eye lens is too short (III) or the eyeball becomes too long (IV). Hence, the correct option is (d) III and IV.