The correct answer is (C) starch into simple sugars.
Saliva contains salivary amylase, an enzyme that begins the digestion of starch into maltose (simple sugars). Less saliva reduces this conversion, slowing down carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.
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ANSWER: [C]
Explanation: Saliva contains the enzyme salivary amylase (ptyalin), which helps in the breakdown of starch into simple sugars (maltose). If saliva secretion is reduced, this conversion is affected. Proteins are digested in the stomach by pepsin, fats are broken down in the small intestine by lipase, and sugars into alcohol occurs by fermentation in yeast, not in humans.