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The earliest known reference to the term “Bhāratavarṣha” is found in the ancient Indian text, the “Mahābhārata.” This epic, composed around the 4th century BCE to the 4th century CE, describes the land associated with the descendants of Bharata, a legendary king. The term signifies the cultural and geographical identity of the Indian subcontinent, reflecting its historical significance in Hindu tradition and the formation of regional identity.
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The Mahābhārata employs the term “Bhāratavarṣha” to refer to the entire Indian subcontinent, emphasizing its cultural and geographical significance. This epic, one of the longest texts in world literature, not only recounts the legendary Kurukshetra War but also encompasses various aspects of ancient Indian society, philosophy, and ethics. By using “Bhāratavarṣha,” the text underscores the unity of the region and its people, linking them to the legendary king Bharata, a key figure in Indian mythology. Therefore option 1 is correc answer.
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