Endothermic reactions are those in which energy is absorbed from the surroundings. This can occur in the form of heat, light, or electricity, as seen in processes like the decomposition of silver chloride in sunlight.
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An endothermic reaction is characterized by the absorption of heat energy from the surroundings. In such reactions, the products have higher energy content than the reactants. As the reaction proceeds, energy is taken in, typically in the form of heat, causing a decrease in the surrounding temperature. Endothermic processes require an external heat source to initiate or sustain the reaction. Examples include the dissolution of ammonium chloride in water or the reaction between baking soda and vinegar. The absorption of heat results in a cooling effect, and endothermic reactions are commonly associated with physical or chemical changes that require an input of energy.