Functional groups significantly influence the properties of organic compounds. They determine the chemical reactivity, solubility, and physical characteristics of molecules. For example, the presence of hydroxyl (-OH) imparts polarity and increases water solubility, as seen in alcohols. Carbonyl groups in ketones and aldehydes contribute to reactivity, affecting boiling points and intermolecular forces. Amino groups in amines influence basicity and reactivity. These distinctive groups dictate the behavior of organic compounds, enabling diverse functions in biochemistry, pharmaceuticals, and materials science. The variety and arrangement of functional groups contribute to the vast diversity and complexity observed in organic chemistry.