How was forest conservation carried out by the Asian and African countries later on?

(i) Conservation of forests rather than collecting timber became a more important goal.
(ii) The government realised that in order to meet this goal, the people who live near the forests must be involved.
(iii) In many cases, such as from Mizoram to Kerala, dense forests have survived only because villages protected them in ‘sacred groves,
(iv) Some villages have been patrolling their own forests, with each household taking it in turns, instead of leaving it to the forest guards.
(v) Local forest communities and environmentalists are thinking of different forms of forest management. Many movements like the chipko Movement were started to save trees from the ruthless cutting down-for commercial purposes.