The Moho is the boundary between the Earth’s crust and the mantle. It was discovered because P-waves traveling through the deeper mantle arrive at distant stations faster than those traveling through the shallower crust. This indicates that the mantle is ...
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Tsunamis are caused by the sudden vertical displacement of the seafloor. Thrust or reverse faults, common at subduction zones, push one block of crust upward. This vertical “kick” moves the entire water column above it, creating the massive energy pulse ...
The Richter and Moment Magnitude scales are logarithmic. Each increase of one magnitude releases about 32 times more energy. From magnitude 6.0 to 8.0 is a two-step increase, so the energy released is 32 × 32 = 1,024 times more. ...
Liquefaction occurs when intense shaking causes the water pressure between soil particles to increase. This causes the soil to lose its strength and act like a liquid. Buildings on such soil may tilt, sink or collapse as the foundation literally ...
The Wadati-Benioff Zone is a dipping area of earthquake foci that tracks the path of a subducting tectonic plate as it sinks into the mantle. It can extend to depths of up to 700 km. It provides visual evidence that ...