‘Pietra Dura’ is an Italian term for the technique in Mughal architecture meaning inlay work with semi-precious stones and jewels on marble. Tiny, precisely cut pieces of stones like lapis lazuli and agate are inlaid into carved depressions in the ...
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The severe Jagirdari crisis first arose during the reign of Aurangzeb. The rapid expansion of the empire, especially the Deccan conquests, led to a shortage of available Paibaqi land relative to the unprecedented number of new Mansabdars demanding Jagirs. This ...
The credit for introducing Monthly (Month Scale) Jagirs is given to Shah Jahan. This system emerged due to the huge gap between the Jama (estimated revenue) and Hasil (actual revenue) of land. The Mansabdar was assigned a jagir whose revenue ...
Emperor Jahangir introduced the ‘Do Aspa Sih Aspa’ system in the Mansabdari system. Literally meaning ‘two or three horses’, this reform allowed a Mansabdar to be paid for double or triple the number of horses/troopers required for his Sawar rank ...
In the Mughal Mansabdari system, ‘Zat’ denoted the personal rank and status of the Mansabdar, which determined his salary. ‘Sawar’ denoted his military responsibilities, specifically the number of cavalry troopers he was required to maintain and bring to imperial service. ...