The Tomb of Itmad-ud-Daulah in Agra was commissioned by Empress Nur Jahan for her father, Mirza Ghiyas Beg (who held the title Itmad-ud-Daulah), between 1622 and 1628. This monument is celebrated as the earliest example of a purely white marble ...
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The ‘Akbarnama’ (Book of Akbar) was written by Abul Fazl, Emperor Akbar’s close friend and chief court chronicler. This massive, detailed history of Akbar’s reign is composed in elegant Persian and is divided into three volumes, with the third volume ...
Bhimsen Saxena Kayastha was the author of the historical text ‘Nuskhah-i-Dilkusha’ (The Delights of the Heart) during the time of Aurangzeb. Bhimsen served as a Mughal official in the Deccan and his memoir provides a crucial, semi-official and detailed perspective ...
Shah Jahan gave the titles ‘Shah Iqbal’ (King of Fortune) and ‘Shah Buland’ (Exalted King) to his eldest and favorite son, Dara Shikoh. These titles signified Shah Jahan’s public declaration of Dara as his chosen heir apparent. This clear favoritism, ...
Shah Jahan bestowed the title ‘Malika-e-Zamani’ (Queen of the Age) upon his beloved wife, Arjumand Banu Begum, who is universally known as Mumtaz Mahal (Jewel of the Palace). She died in 1631 while giving birth to their fourteenth child, leading ...