When a pebble is dropped in a pond, the waves observed on the water surface are an example of transverse waves.

In a transverse wave, particles of the medium oscillate up and down about their mean positions, perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, whereas in a longitudinal wave, particles oscillate parallel to the direction of propagation.

No, in longitudinal waves, particles of the medium do not move from one place to another; they simply oscillate back and forth about their position of rest.

Sound waves are classified as longitudinal waves because the individual particles of the medium oscillate back and forth in a direction parallel to the direction of sound propagation.

Rarefactions (R) are the regions where the coils of a slinky are further apart.