Differentiation is crucial in plant development as it allows cells to acquire specific shapes, sizes, and functions, leading to the formation of various types of permanent tissues essential for plant structure and function.

Cells formed by meristematic tissue undergo differentiation, where they adopt specific roles and lose the ability to divide, leading to the formation of permanent tissues.

Cells in meristematic tissue are highly active, characterized by dense cytoplasm, thin cellulose walls, prominent nuclei, and a lack of vacuoles.

Intercalary meristem is located near the nodes in some plants and contributes to the elongation of stems and roots at specific points, allowing for continued growth and development.

Lateral meristem, also known as cambium, is responsible for increasing the girth or diameter of the stem or root by producing new cells that add to the secondary growth of the plant.