Water reaches leaves through xylem tissue, which transports water and minerals from roots to all plant parts. Transpiration pull created by leaves and the tubular structure of xylem vessels help water move upward against gravity efficiently.
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Food prepared in leaves is transported by phloem tissue. Sieve tubes carry dissolved food materials from leaves to roots, stems and storage organs, while companion cells help regulate loading and unloading of sugars during transportation.
A thick cuticle reduces water loss through transpiration, helping desert plants conserve water. Underwater plants do not face water shortage, so a thick cuticle would hinder gaseous exchange and absorption, making survival and normal functioning difficult.
Dead xylem vessels form continuous tubes for water transport. Living leaf cells lose water through transpiration, creating transpiration pull. This pull draws water upward through xylem against gravity, maintaining continuous movement from roots to leaves in plants.
Without stomata, plants could not exchange gases or perform proper transpiration. Photosynthesis, respiration and cooling would be affected. Water transport through transpiration pull would reduce, disturbing growth, food preparation and overall survival of the plant.