Manure is an organic substance derived from decomposed plant or animal waste. Farmers decompose plant and animal waste in pits to produce organic manure. NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

Fertilizers are chemical compounds rich in specific nutrients, produced in factories. Examples include urea, ammonium sulfate, superphosphate, potash, and NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium). NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

Excessive fertilizer use reduces soil fertility, leads to water pollution, and harms the environment. To maintain soil fertility, farmers are encouraged to substitute fertilizers with organic manure or practice fallow periods. NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

Continuous cultivation depletes soil nutrients, necessitating the addition of manure to replenish them and support healthy plant growth. NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

Ploughing is now done by tractor-driven cultivators, saving labor and time. The use of cultivators in modern agriculture has replaced traditional ploughs in many instances. NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management