Enzymes act as bio-catalysts in heterotrophic organisms, facilitating the breakdown of complex substances into simpler molecules that can be absorbed and utilized for metabolic processes.

Energy is required to fuel maintenance processes that repair, replace, and regulate cellular structures and functions. Without energy, these processes would cease, leading to cellular dysfunction and eventual organismal death.

Life processes refer to the collective activities that maintain the integrity and functioning of living organisms. These processes are vital for sustaining life by carrying out functions such as metabolism, growth, and repair.

Maintenance functions are essential for preventing damage and breakdown of cellular structures, ensuring the organism’s survival and well-being, even during periods of inactivity.

Molecules must be moved around constantly in living organisms to facilitate processes such as cellular repair, growth, and metabolism. This movement ensures the maintenance of cellular structures and the overall functioning of living organisms.