Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) contains two sodium ions, one carbonate ion, and no hydrogen ions, while sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) contains one sodium ion, one hydrogen carbonate ion, and no carbonate ions.

Sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate are useful in various industrial processes such as water treatment, glass manufacturing, and in the production of detergents and soaps.

Carbon dioxide produced during the reaction causes bread or cake to rise, making them soft and spongy.

Baking powder is a mixture of baking soda (sodium hydrogencarbonate) and a mild edible acid, such as tartaric acid.

Baking soda (sodium hydrogencarbonate) is produced using sodium chloride as one of the raw materials in its manufacturing process.