Organic farming utilizes cultural practices like mixed cropping, intercropping, and crop rotation, which create a diverse and resilient ecosystem that naturally controls pests and diseases while promoting soil fertility.

Organic farming relies on inputs such as organic manures, recycled farm-wastes (such as straw and livestock excreta), and bio-agents like blue-green algae for biofertilizers, as well as natural substances like neem leaves or turmeric for bio-pesticides.

The choice between fertilizers and manure impacts soil fertility management by determining the balance between nutrient supply, organic matter replenishment, and soil microbial health, ultimately influencing the long-term productivity and sustainability of agricultural systems.

Considering both short-term benefits of fertilizers and long-term benefits of manure ensures sustainable crop production by balancing immediate yield needs with the preservation of soil health and fertility for future generations.

Long-term benefits of using manure include replenishing organic matter, improving soil structure, enhancing microbial activity, and sustaining soil fertility over time.

Short-term benefits of using fertilizers include immediate nutrient supply to plants, promoting rapid growth and higher yields.

Continuous fertilizer use can deplete soil fertility by not replenishing organic matter and harming beneficial soil microorganisms.