In areas where canal flow is inadequate, the river lift system offers a practical solution by directly drawing water from rivers. This system supplements irrigation in nearby areas by utilizing pumps or other lifting mechanisms to extract water from rivers, ...

In the canal irrigation system, water is diverted from reservoirs or rivers into main canals. These main canals are then divided into branch canals and distributaries, which further channel water to irrigate fields. This hierarchical network ensures efficient water distribution, ...

Canals form an extensive irrigation network in India, distributing water from reservoirs or rivers to agricultural fields. They serve as conduits for transporting water over long distances, ensuring reliable irrigation for a wide range of crops across various regions.

Dug wells and tube wells serve as crucial sources of irrigation water by tapping into underground aquifers. They are equipped with pumps to lift water to the surface, providing a reliable water supply for crop irrigation, especially during dry seasons ...

Dug wells collect water from shallow water-bearing strata, while tube wells can access water from deeper layers. Dug wells are typically hand-dug and suitable for shallower water sources, whereas tube wells utilize pipes to extract water from deeper aquifers.

Several factors determine the adoption of specific irrigation systems in India, including geographic location, soil type, topography, water availability, infrastructure development, and government policies. Farmers often choose irrigation methods based on the reliability and efficiency of water delivery, cost-effectiveness, and ...

The selection of irrigation systems in India is heavily influenced by the availability and nature of water resources. For instance, areas with abundant groundwater may rely more on well irrigation, while regions with access to perennial rivers might prefer river ...

Precautions such as using appropriate application methods, timing applications to coincide with plant uptake, and avoiding application before heavy rainfall can help prevent fertilizer runoff and minimize environmental harm.

Excess fertilizer runoff from fields can enter water bodies, causing nutrient pollution, which can lead to algal blooms, oxygen depletion, and harm to aquatic ecosystems.

If fertilizers are not applied carefully, they can be washed away due to excessive irrigation, leading to water pollution and nutrient runoff.