Reactions of diazonium salts are broadly categorized into two types: (A) reactions involving displacement of nitrogen and (B) reactions involving retention of the diazo group.

Primary amines are obtained by reducing nitriles with lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH₄) or catalytic hydrogenation. This method allows the ascent of the amine series, leading to amines with one carbon atom more than the starting amine.

The primary amines obtained through ammonolysis act as nucleophiles and can react with alkyl halides to form secondary and tertiary amines. This sequence of reactions can eventually lead to the formation of quaternary ammonium salts.

Ammonolysis involves the cleavage of the carbon-halogen (C–X) bond in alkyl or benzyl halides by ammonia, leading to the substitution of the halogen with an amino (–NH₂) group. This method is conducted in a sealed tube at 373 K and ...

Amines are obtained by reducing nitro compounds using hydrogen gas and catalysts like nickel, palladium, or platinum. The reduction with iron scrap and hydrochloric acid is preferred due to the formation of FeCl₂, which hydrolyzes to release hydrochloric acid, minimizing ...

Secondary and tertiary amines are named in the IUPAC system using locant N to designate substituents attached to the nitrogen atom. For instance, CH₃NHCH₃CH₃ is N-methylethanamine, and (CH₃CH₃)₃N is N,N-diethylethanamine.

In the IUPAC system, primary amines are named as alkanamines by replacing the ‘e’ of the alkane with the word “amine.” For amines with multiple amino groups, positions are specified by numbering the carbon atoms with -NH₂ groups and using ...

Aliphatic amines are named by prefixing the alkyl group to “amine” as one word (e.g., methylamine). In secondary and tertiary amines with identical alkyl groups, the prefix di or tri is added before the alkyl group name.

Tertiary amines are formed by replacing another hydrogen atom in a secondary amine with an alkyl/aryl group. Amines are ‘simple’ when all the alkyl or aryl groups are the same and ‘mixed’ when they are different.

A secondary amine, such as R-NHR’, is formed when two hydrogen atoms of ammonia or one hydrogen atom of R-NH₂ are replaced by another alkyl/aryl group (R’).